Reflecting on Theatre, Rhythm, and Worship during Holy Week

Arts Easter Faith music spiritual practice theatre

“The stage is a place where the invisible can appear”

–Peter Brook

On April 15, I attended a production of Battlefield at the Guthrie, a play whose subject and text are taken from the Mahabharata. Going in, I knew only a little about Hindu epic and less about the Mahabharata specifically, but I wanted to see the show because of its director, Peter Brook. I encountered Brook as an undergraduate theatre major, viewing clips of his plays, watching his film adaptations of Marat/Sade and Lord of the Flies, and studying his book The Empty Space. Brook has been directing plays since the 1940s, was a longtime director at the Royal Shakespeare company, and has revolutionized theatre through both his criticism and practice. There was no way I was going to miss a chance to engage with this 92-year-old giant of 20th century theatre.

As I sat down, I overheard an usher instructing an audience member to carefully place his umbrella beneath his chair so no one would kick it, as this was going to be “a very quiet show.” I found that comment funny, even pretentious. As if a master’s work could not be interrupted by a layperson’s little noises! But as the show continued, I better understood the usher’s direction.

The plot of Battlefield occurs after a vicious battle between two sides of the same family, when the victor Yudhishthira has become king. After Yudhishthira learns that he killed his brother during the war from his mother, he visits the wise man Bhishma, who is on his deathbed. Using fables, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on Dharma and how to be a good king. For each fable, the actors interchangeably portrayed the characters: worms, kings, hawks, doves, hunters, and wise men. All the while, a drummer was punctuating the action with his music.

Brook’s production was simple. There was no set besides scattered sticks and fabrics which were also used as props by the four actors. The costumes were in browns and grays, with the occasional addition of a colorful fabric to signify a change in character. It became obvious that the production was the result of incredible artists. A scene that stuck out in particular was when Yudhishthira’s mother and uncle were in the woods, seeking redemption for their role in the war. We learned from a narrator that a fire had broken out in the forest. The actors playing the mother and uncle walked around the stage, back and forth, a red fabric signifying the fire. Every step, even how they arched their feet, seemed to be taken with incredible care. The deeper into the fire they walked, the louder and faster the drums, until finally they exited. And the loudness of the drum gave way into an unbreakable silence as Yudhishthira entered, now the only one left.

The play was beautiful, engrossing, but difficult to watch–for this kind of control of space and sound points toward something beyond nature, beyond what is comfortable. Full of silences that cannot exist outside of our social agreement in those moments to be still, to observe, to synchronize the rhythms of our bodies to the rhythm of the ancient text, the rhythm of the actors. There is no peace in such silence. No safety. It is a silence that asks you to concentrate on the movement of blood in your veins, the quivering hair on your skin, a silence that is not dull–though it is excruciating. When the play ended in silence, it left you bare before a mystery, before something that is both lack and presence. Before something that is beyond being.

The night before I saw Battlefield was Good Friday. I attended the evening service at St. Paul’s UCC. It was one of the most moving services I have ever participated in–a meeting of song, meditation, ritual, and performance on themes of loss, guilt, love, and redemption. But it took until seeing Battlefield for me to put to words what so profoundly moved me in the service the night before. It was a same care to rhythm, to image, to movement, the beauty of bodies alone and together, moving and still, of light and darkness. It was the power of quiet in Brook’s play that begged me reflect on the silence from the night before.

The story of the crucifixion is rife with speaking and not speaking, of wanting an answer and failing to receive one, of waiting for signs, of great sounds, and great silences. So too was the enactment of Christ’s narrative at St. Paul’s UCC. Between singing and recitation was meditation. Time to think. Time to cry. Time to see the people beside you. Time to breathe. A rhythm signaling movement toward an emotional and spiritual climax, a rhythm beginning with drumming at the start of the service. And before the long silence that ended the night was the furious combination of tapping on the back of the pews and drumming, a simulation of the earthquake at Jesus’ tomb.

On Friday, I had thought the loudness of the drumming, our own earthquake at the tomb, had the power to transport me to a time outside of my own, to put me in the presence of the sacred. But after seeing Battlefield, I reconsidered this. The drums ushered in a cacophony whose singular purpose was to provide the contrast to the silence that followed. It was in that silence when I heard the sniffling of crying. It was in that silence when I felt the motions of my breath. It was in that silence, that darkness, when I had to yield to the possibility of being alone in the presence of something or someone beyond sound, sight, or touch. It is in such silence, where there is no guarantee for another beat of the drum. No chance for song or speech. A silence that exists outside the speech between self and a community, a silence that is a rhythm of its own. It is a response from the divine source to our every being that is louder, more overwhelming, than any sound could ever be.

 

Max Brumberg-Kraus is originally from Providence, RI, but moved to the midwest to attend Beloit College, WI as an undergrad.  There, he majored in Theatre Performance and Classical Civilizations with a minor in Critical Identity Studies, and was the Artistic Director of Beloit Independent Theatre Experience (BITE). He moved to St. Paul in July 2016, where he continues to pursue his artistic goals as a performer, playwright, and poet.  Max is the Digital Content Specialist at United, where he is also pursuing an MA with a concentration in Theology and the Arts.

{{cta(‘fb0f0455-f19e-4cdc-a919-6967f3716419’)}}

 

Explore More Articles

Alum Rev. Todd Lippert (’03): Living a Public Ministry

As Rev. Todd Lippert was growing up, his life was dominated by two constants: music and church. Both of his parents were music teachers. His dad was the high school choir director, and his mom was the elementary school music teacher. Though his family had been Baptist for generations, they ended up attending a United Church of Christ (UCC) church where his mom was hired to play the organ. It was also much closer to home than the nearest Baptist church.  “I always took Christian faith very seriously,” Todd asserts. “The church was a sacred and holy place to me.” In seventh grade, Todd remembers talking to his father. “I was at the bottom of the stairs talking to my dad at the top of the stairs. And that was when I said for the first time, ‘I wonder if I might want to be a pastor someday.’”  But, Todd adds, “the idea was really terrifying to me,” so he put it out of his mind. At the University of Iowa, he pursued a music degree. During a philosophy class toward the end of college, a professed atheist professor began asking some of the same questions about faith that Todd was confronting. “I was wrestling with whether I was a Christian or not.”   Deciding on Seminary The turning point came one Sunday morning after graduation when Todd and his wife were at church. At the time, he was selling Yellow Pages ads and contemplating an MBA. “I hated it,” Todd confesses. “I was miserable.” Watching the preacher at First United Methodist Church in Iowa City, he thought, “Maybe I could do that, and maybe I need to pay attention to this call to ministry that keeps bubbling up.” United was the first UCC seminary that came up on the computer, and when Todd visited, “it felt like home for me as soon as I arrived.” Since his wife was doing graduate work at the University of Minnesota, they moved to the Twin Cities.  “At United,” Todd recalls, “I had the space to figure out how Christianity was meaningful and how this faith fit together for me.” Professors who welcomed and encouraged his questions were key to his faith formation, and the “liberation theology that moved through the curriculum, with its focus on justice, was extremely appealing to me.”  Todd was also inspired by his classmates. “I saw the student body deeply engaged in the political and social questions of the day.” At United from 2000 to 2003, Todd experienced the Bush v. Gore lawsuit, 9/11 terror attacks, Minnesota senator Paul Wellstone’s tragic death, and the Iraq war launch as he was earning his MDiv.    Public Theology Justice-seeking activism, Todd asserts, “really cemented my understanding that the body of Christ is about bringing the realm of God into being wherever it is. And that was something that would have to make my life better and make my community better.” Since graduating, Todd has worked as a UCC pastor, a Minnesota state legislator (2018–2022), a community organizer with ISAIAH, and a community minister with Creekside Church. The clergy organizing work during Operation Metro Surge was especially impactful and reconnected him with United. Todd went through “nonviolent direct action training with Dr. Rita Nakashima Brock, one of the authors I read.” He also worked with Rev. Dr. Carolyn Pressler, his former Hebrew scripture professor.  United, notes Todd, equipped him “to be able to understand what is going on in our world, and in our communities, and I had the tools to get better and better at that, reading the present through a biblical and theological lens.” He is extraordinarily proud of the way the church showed up in Minnesota and grateful for United. “I really want,” Todd concludes, “the love-your-neighbor values of the church to be a force in our public life, not an afterthought. I want it to be a force in our political life.”

Rev. Dr. Andrew Packman Promoted to Associate Professor of Christian Ethics, supported by the McVay Endowment

Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, June 24, 2026 —United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities is delighted to announce that, effective July 1, 2026, Rev. Dr. Andrew Packman will become the Associate Professor of Christian Ethics, supported by the McVay Endowment, and Director for Formation. This promotion to an endowed chair follows Rev. Dr. Justin Sabis-Tanis’ appointment as the inaugural Wilson Yates Chair in Theology and the Arts. Announced during Commencement in April, the McVay chairship reflects the esteem with which United’s board and faculty members regard Professor Packman. In February, Dean Kyle Roberts proudly reported that Dr. Packman was being promoted from assistant to associate professor and transitioning from a three-year contract into a tenure-track position. Dr. Packman joined United in July 2021 as a Louisville Institute Postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics and Practical Theology. At the Spring 2022 Convocation to welcome and bless our new faculty member, Dr. Packman—who holds an MDiv and PhD from the University of Chicago—presented on “The Atmospherics of Theological Education.” By December 2022, Dr. Packman’s “teaching, mentoring, and other stellar capabilities” prompted United to offer him a contract to continue teaching past the terms of his Louisville Fellowship. Since then, he has co-authored an article in The Oxford Handbook of Friedrich Schleiermacher, had a paper (“The Consolation of Studying Theology”) published in the Christian Century, and presented at the September 2025 Schleiermacher Kongress in Kiel, Germany. Spiritual and personal formation is a vital component of Packman’s work with students, and he will continue in his role as the director for Formation. In May of 2025, he began a new initiative, the Formation Pilot Program, to gauge the foundational axis points of students’ formation at United. “This is a remarkable moment in theological education,” Dr. Packman explained this spring, “where what it means to be a theological learning community is being reimagined in real time. This pilot program is designed to interrogate this question from across the life of the seminary, and to build up our community in the process.” “Dr. Packman’s doctoral studies,” observed Dean Roberts in his April announcement, “focused on Christian theology and ethics, and his current research explores questions about racism, intransigent evil, and Friedrich Schleiermacher’s philosophical and theological ethics. Combined with his MDiv studies in pastoral formation, these make Dr. Packman well-suited to occupy this chair while he continues…serving as the Director for Formation.” President Molly T. Marshall reflects, “Dr. Packman brings academic excellence and pastoral sensitivity to his teaching, collegial relationships, and community involvement. His theological depth suffuses his courses in ethics and formation, seeking to form good human beings as transformative agents for a world in travail. I am delighted by this appointment.” As Dr. Packman shared when he was offered a chance to continue teaching at United past his Louisville Fellowship, “It’s such an immense gift to get to do this work, and it’s an honor to get to do it with folks like you. I’m so eager to see what we build together!” Now, as a new chapter begins with his elevation to the McVay Chair, we are overjoyed that such a prodigiously talented scholar and teacher can continue to journey with our dedicated and curious students. About United Founded by the United Church of Christ (UCC) as a welcoming, ecumenical school that embraces all denominations and faith traditions, United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities has been on the creative edge of progressive theological thought and leadership since it was established in 1962. Today, United continues to educate leaders who, through the eyes of faith, engage in the dismantling of systems of oppression, exploring multi-faith spirituality, and pushing the boundaries of knowledge. Contact Nathanial Green (he/him) Director of Marketing and Communications press@unitedseminary.edu • 651.255.6138 Admissions and Enrollment admissions@unitedseminary.edu

Rev. Dr. Tim McGregor (’26) Finds Hope for Healing in Exploratory Theology

Rev. Dr. Tim McGregor (’26) has been a chaplain, pastor, and church planter for years. How did he find this well-trodden path? Tim says his mother introduced him to Christ. “She was very devout,” he explains. Unfortunately, she was also very sick, so Tim spent more time in hospitals than in church as a child. Still, he recalls one incident during communion when he was 11. Tim shares that he “had a very out-of-body experience with the divine while I was in church, and it touched my soul.”  Tim grew up and pursued a BA at Tuskegee University. While there, he experienced another out-of-body experience when he was robbed at gunpoint and stabbed. “At that point,” he reflects, “I decided to rethink some of my living and some of my decisions. It reignited my spiritual walk.”  As he changed the way he lived, Tim felt a spiritual nudge. Others observed that they “saw the calling” on his life. And dreams about preaching began to recur. “Before I ever preached a sermon, I dreamed I was preaching…in the same church where I ended up preaching later on.”   Christian Theological Seminary Though Tim identified as National Baptist, he decided to attend Christian Theological Seminary (CTS) in Indiana—a progressive school aligned with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It helped that Dr. Edward Wheeler, an ordained Baptist minister whom Tim knew when Wheeler worked at Tuskegee, was CTS’s president. During a United chapel service this March, Tim described his experience at CTS as “quite grueling,” but also that he “learned a lot.” As he clarified more recently, he had to “let go of a very fundamentalist perspective,” and that sort of deconstruction was difficult. “It was a crucible situation,” Tim asserts.    Chaplaining and Church Planting After earning his MDiv in 2003, Tim spent years in Mississippi and Texas planting churches and working as a hospital chaplain. Since returning to Minnesota, he’s been a chaplain at Regions Hospital, Abbott Northwestern, and the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, and pastored at Family Bible Church. He suspects that the time he spent with his mother in hospitals likely inclined him toward hospital chaplaincy.  When he decided to pursue a DMin, Tim reviewed his options. Only United, he found, had the interreligious chaplaincy program and liberal ethos that made his MDiv work transformational. Plus, he could attend onsite or online as his schedule allowed. “It was a great benefit,” Tim attests, “to do both.”   United and Nat Turner  Tim credits Dr. Jessica Chapman Lape, former director of the Interreligious Chaplaincy program, with positively shaping his education. Her theological knowledge and emphasis on her African American heritage impressed him. Dr. Munjed Murad’s Comparative Theology course elevated Tim’s intercultural acuity. Munjed is an assistant professor of World Religions and Intercultural Studies, supported by the Johnson-Fry Endowment.  Tim describes his dissertation, “The Exploratory Theology of Nat Turner and Its Effects on African and African American PTSD,” as “a labor of love.” Why Nat Turner? “I appreciate his passion and his desire to live and fight for the rights of his people,” Tim explains, “and his willingness to do so in the name of his religious beliefs.” In addition, “I’m always interested in people that…have been misunderstood or written off as villains.”  Shepherded with vital support from Rev. Dr. Andrew Packman (assistant professor of Theological Ethics and Formation), Tim’s dissertation studies Nat Turner, his traumatic experiences as a slave, and his burgeoning theology. It also traces links to the moral injury, trauma, and PTSD endemic to military service, especially for African American veterans.  Tim wants to “understand more about…how to be an asset to my community.” He feels that “United was a really good place for that” and is a rich resource for “clergy…and spiritual caregivers” who are going to help us “keep pressing toward better understandings.” Tim is grateful for United’s role in honing his academic and spiritual voice.