Cycles of Violence: On Breonna Taylor, the Verdict, and Sacred Protest

Anti-racism Bible CARJ justice ministry Race social transformation Voice Women

The following message comes from CARJ, United’s Committee Advocating for Racial Justice:

Above all else, our politics initially sprang from the shared belief that Black women are inherently valuable, that our liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else’s but because of our need as human persons for autonomy.
          -The Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement”

God’s image is not monochromatic nor is God’s voice monotone. God is a colorful God who loves equally the many colors she creates. God speaks in tunes and tones that resonate with the oppressed and marginalized, particularly with the lived experiences of black women and other women of color.  
          – Mitzi J. Smith, I Found God in Me: A Womanist Biblical Hermeneutics Reader 

On March 13, 2020, officers Jonathan Mattingly, Brett Hankison, and Myles Cosgrove of the Louisville Metro Police Department entered the home of 26-year-old Breonna Taylor and shot her to death. Yesterday, September 23, 2020, in a court of law, none of the officers were indicted for the killing. One officer, Brett Hankison, was charged with wanton endangerment in the first degree. This is to say, that an officer was charged with the lowest ranking, class D felony, for potentially harming someone for shooting recklessly, not for the actual death of Breonna Taylor brought about by all three officers’ actions. In the wake of the decision, protests rose across the country and continue today. Once again the law sides with white supremacy and wantonly cruel police officers and against justice. Against the right to live. Against the principle that Black Lives Matter.

For any United Student who has taken a Biblical Studies course with Professor Emerita Carolyn Pressler, we learn of a particular insight for reading The Book of Judges. The Book of Judges recounts cycles of violence in the Land of Israel. These cycles begin when, amidst each new era of suffering “the Israelites cried out to the Lord.” This is followed by the rising of a judge in the land to enact this justice, followed by a quieter era until the cycle continues to a new era of violence, crying out, and justice.

As Dr. Pressler has demonstrated in her classes, we can look to the treatment of women in the narrative to indicate how prosperous the land of Israel is. The Book of Judges begins with stories of Israelite tribes settling in the land and relays the story of Achsah, daughter of Caleb, being gifted a bounty of rivers and land. The Book of Judges continues with the story of the wise prophetess and judge Deborah and the actions of the heroic Jael. But as the narrative progresses we also find the stories of Jepthah murdering his daughter, and later of the womanizing Samson. Finally, the book ends with the horrible story of the Levite’s concubine who is raped, murdered and mutilated. In the beginning of Judges there is the promise of land and nation and prosperity. By the end, we are presented with a wilderness of war and iniquity. And the society’s sinfulness is measured by its treatment of women.

We find ourselves today, like in the Book of Judges, amidst cycles of violence and prophetic response.  The sins of white supremacy, patriarchy, heterosexism, and economic inequality rupture in the murders of Black lives and in the violent suppression of protest in the murders’ wakes. The lives of Black women in particular, dually assaulted by racist and patriarchal attacks, are pushed to the periphery of our society, under the boot of our oppressive courts of law. 

To understand what the state of our country is, we cannot simply ask “what is the state of women in our country?” because in America it is not the same for white women and Black women.  The (non) indictment of Ms. Taylor’s killers echoes another story of racial horror in our country’s history. Exactly sixty-five years ago, on September 23, 1955, the men who lynched 14-year-old Emmett Till were found innocent by an all white jury. But the actions that predicated Till’s murder centered around an accusation from a white woman, Carolyn Bryant, who used her whiteness in congress with her femininity to play into the lethal myth of white innocence and Black guilt. In accusing the child of sexually looking at her, Bryant put a mark on Till. Her actions knowingly instigated the murderous actions of white men. White femininity, employed by white patriarchy, speaks to a level of privilege not afforded to the lives of Black women.

The courts of our country, among many other institutions, deny Black women their humanity and ignore their pain. America denies the value of Black lives in general and, we are reminded once again, of Black women’s lives. And yet it is the propheticism of Black women–from the abolition of Angela Davis, to the LGBT activism of Marsha P. Johnson, to the call of justice from the women leaders of the BLM movement–that is both crying for justice and is the ascension of our judges.  Black women have always measured the state of our country. And what is the state of our country? Look to Breonna Taylor. 

The Attorney General on the case called Breonna’s death a “tragedy.” “Tragedy” is the passive voice of the public commentary on racist violence. It removes the subjects who enact the “tragedy.” “Tragedy” erases the people who hold the guns, who make the decrees, and who militarize our police. Breonna’s killing is not a “tragedy.” It is the result of humans deciding, doing, acting, and then refusing to take responsibility. 

As people of faith, we cannot settle for unjust laws and the unjust distribution of our laws. We cannot idolize peace and order if that order is predicated on the dehumanization of Black people. We cannot rely on the state disciplining our bodies and our homes but particularly Black bodies and Black homes. We cannot claim to believe in God’s presence if we do not see the divinity inherent to Black women. Our religions are a sham if we do not fight from a place of spiritual repentance and prophetic impulse for systemic, communal, and religious change. If we do not challenge the judicial authority, system of incarceration, legislation, and law enforcement of our country, then a cry will continue, again and again, to rise up in the land. 

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St. Mark’s UCC Gifts an Endowed Scholarship to United

United graduates have an impact on United in countless ways. President Molly T. Marshall notes that they are, in fact, our letters of recommendation. They embody the educational experience they had at United in the work they pursue, in how they live out their faith traditions, and in the impact they have in the world.  We see this in myriad ways. There is the alum who is a recurring donor and the alum who creates a legacy gift to support future students. There is the alum who introduces President Marshall to a new donor. And there is the alum who sees another person’s interest in theological education and encourages them to pursue a degree at United. Recently, we have seen up close the impact of the work of Rev. Jennifer Jaimez (’98). Jennifer’s first call was to St. Mark’s UCC in Bloomington, Minnesota, which was founded in 1954. Jennifer served at St. Mark’s for 28 years and, like other pastors, she had a significant influence on members and the broader community. St. Mark’s also had an impact on United. During Jennifer’s ministry, eight students from United completed nine-month internships at St. Mark’s. As interns, these students were part of a learning community that helped them hone skills in teaching, preaching, counseling, and administration. The congregation, along with Jennifer, mentored and encouraged them. They have all gone on to do a multitude of things: serving in nonprofits, rural churches, city churches, and more. St. Mark’s investment in United students had a significant impact.  As for many congregations, the pandemic was difficult for St. Mark’s. Three years ago, they made the painful decision to complete their ministry and intentionally repurpose their assets while it was still their choice. In addition to supporting the Minnesota Conference UCC and the Bloomington Housing and Redevelopment Authority, they made a significant gift to United. A relationship that began with mentoring interns grew into a newly endowed UCC scholarship. The St. Mark’s endowed scholarship will provide financial support for UCC students who wish to attend seminary. This gift creates an enduring legacy for St. Mark’s and will provide support for future students. As the gift was announced, their moderator, Cindy Russell,  said, “This gift will defray the cost of seminary education. Support for future leaders of the church remains important as the church continues to evolve into new ways of being the church.”  This spring, we have been blessed to establish several new endowed scholarships in addition to the one from St. Mark’s. Estate gifts from Joanne* (’82) and Thomas* Rohrict, and Elden* (Yankon, ’55) and Norma* Zuern have created a lasting legacy and investment in United. A recent gift from George (Mission House, ’55) and Joyce Schowalter will allow them to see, while they are living, the impact of scholarship support. Currently, 57 percent of scholarships are covered by generous gifts and endowed scholarships. The other 43 percent is paid out of United’s annual budget. Each scholarship gift, each new endowed scholarship, or gift to an already endowed scholarship, helps us expand offerings to our students. We don’t want financial limitations to become a barrier for students who feel called to attend United.  Your scholarship gifts supported Jennifer while she was a student. Her experience at United, along with the skills she has learned along the way, helped her shepherd St. Mark’s for more than two decades and through the difficult decision to complete their ministry. Your gifts to United continue to make this happen. We give thanks for the lasting legacies created by these and many other faithful donors.  __________________________ * Deceased

Alum Rev. Todd Lippert (’03): Living a Public Ministry

As Rev. Todd Lippert was growing up, his life was dominated by two constants: music and church. Both of his parents were music teachers. His dad was the high school choir director, and his mom was the elementary school music teacher. Though his family had been Baptist for generations, they ended up attending a United Church of Christ (UCC) church where his mom was hired to play the organ. It was also much closer to home than the nearest Baptist church.  “I always took Christian faith very seriously,” Todd asserts. “The church was a sacred and holy place to me.” In seventh grade, Todd remembers talking to his father. “I was at the bottom of the stairs talking to my dad at the top of the stairs. And that was when I said for the first time, ‘I wonder if I might want to be a pastor someday.’”  But, Todd adds, “the idea was really terrifying to me,” so he put it out of his mind. At the University of Iowa, he pursued a music degree. During a philosophy class toward the end of college, a professed atheist professor began asking some of the same questions about faith that Todd was confronting. “I was wrestling with whether I was a Christian or not.”   Deciding on Seminary The turning point came one Sunday morning after graduation when Todd and his wife were at church. At the time, he was selling Yellow Pages ads and contemplating an MBA. “I hated it,” Todd confesses. “I was miserable.” Watching the preacher at First United Methodist Church in Iowa City, he thought, “Maybe I could do that, and maybe I need to pay attention to this call to ministry that keeps bubbling up.” United was the first UCC seminary that came up on the computer, and when Todd visited, “it felt like home for me as soon as I arrived.” Since his wife was doing graduate work at the University of Minnesota, they moved to the Twin Cities.  “At United,” Todd recalls, “I had the space to figure out how Christianity was meaningful and how this faith fit together for me.” Professors who welcomed and encouraged his questions were key to his faith formation, and the “liberation theology that moved through the curriculum, with its focus on justice, was extremely appealing to me.”  Todd was also inspired by his classmates. “I saw the student body deeply engaged in the political and social questions of the day.” At United from 2000 to 2003, Todd experienced the Bush v. Gore lawsuit, 9/11 terror attacks, Minnesota senator Paul Wellstone’s tragic death, and the Iraq war launch as he was earning his MDiv.    Public Theology Justice-seeking activism, Todd asserts, “really cemented my understanding that the body of Christ is about bringing the realm of God into being wherever it is. And that was something that would have to make my life better and make my community better.” Since graduating, Todd has worked as a UCC pastor, a Minnesota state legislator (2018–2022), a community organizer with ISAIAH, and a community minister with Creekside Church. The clergy organizing work during Operation Metro Surge was especially impactful and reconnected him with United. Todd went through “nonviolent direct action training with Dr. Rita Nakashima Brock, one of the authors I read.” He also worked with Rev. Dr. Carolyn Pressler, his former Hebrew scripture professor.  United, notes Todd, equipped him “to be able to understand what is going on in our world, and in our communities, and I had the tools to get better and better at that, reading the present through a biblical and theological lens.” He is extraordinarily proud of the way the church showed up in Minnesota and grateful for United. “I really want,” Todd concludes, “the love-your-neighbor values of the church to be a force in our public life, not an afterthought. I want it to be a force in our political life.”

Rev. Dr. Andrew Packman Promoted to Associate Professor of Christian Ethics, supported by the McVay Endowment

Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, June 24, 2026 —United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities is delighted to announce that, effective July 1, 2026, Rev. Dr. Andrew Packman will become the Associate Professor of Christian Ethics, supported by the McVay Endowment, and Director for Formation. This promotion to an endowed chair follows Rev. Dr. Justin Sabis-Tanis’ appointment as the inaugural Wilson Yates Chair in Theology and the Arts. Announced during Commencement in April, the McVay chairship reflects the esteem with which United’s board and faculty members regard Professor Packman. In February, Dean Kyle Roberts proudly reported that Dr. Packman was being promoted from assistant to associate professor and transitioning from a three-year contract into a tenure-track position. Dr. Packman joined United in July 2021 as a Louisville Institute Postdoctoral Fellow and Visiting Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics and Practical Theology. At the Spring 2022 Convocation to welcome and bless our new faculty member, Dr. Packman—who holds an MDiv and PhD from the University of Chicago—presented on “The Atmospherics of Theological Education.” By December 2022, Dr. Packman’s “teaching, mentoring, and other stellar capabilities” prompted United to offer him a contract to continue teaching past the terms of his Louisville Fellowship. Since then, he has co-authored an article in The Oxford Handbook of Friedrich Schleiermacher, had a paper (“The Consolation of Studying Theology”) published in the Christian Century, and presented at the September 2025 Schleiermacher Kongress in Kiel, Germany. Spiritual and personal formation is a vital component of Packman’s work with students, and he will continue in his role as the director for Formation. In May of 2025, he began a new initiative, the Formation Pilot Program, to gauge the foundational axis points of students’ formation at United. “This is a remarkable moment in theological education,” Dr. Packman explained this spring, “where what it means to be a theological learning community is being reimagined in real time. This pilot program is designed to interrogate this question from across the life of the seminary, and to build up our community in the process.” “Dr. Packman’s doctoral studies,” observed Dean Roberts in his April announcement, “focused on Christian theology and ethics, and his current research explores questions about racism, intransigent evil, and Friedrich Schleiermacher’s philosophical and theological ethics. Combined with his MDiv studies in pastoral formation, these make Dr. Packman well-suited to occupy this chair while he continues…serving as the Director for Formation.” President Molly T. Marshall reflects, “Dr. Packman brings academic excellence and pastoral sensitivity to his teaching, collegial relationships, and community involvement. His theological depth suffuses his courses in ethics and formation, seeking to form good human beings as transformative agents for a world in travail. I am delighted by this appointment.” As Dr. Packman shared when he was offered a chance to continue teaching at United past his Louisville Fellowship, “It’s such an immense gift to get to do this work, and it’s an honor to get to do it with folks like you. I’m so eager to see what we build together!” Now, as a new chapter begins with his elevation to the McVay Chair, we are overjoyed that such a prodigiously talented scholar and teacher can continue to journey with our dedicated and curious students. About United Founded by the United Church of Christ (UCC) as a welcoming, ecumenical school that embraces all denominations and faith traditions, United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities has been on the creative edge of progressive theological thought and leadership since it was established in 1962. Today, United continues to educate leaders who, through the eyes of faith, engage in the dismantling of systems of oppression, exploring multi-faith spirituality, and pushing the boundaries of knowledge. Contact Nathanial Green (he/him) Director of Marketing and Communications press@unitedseminary.edu • 651.255.6138 Admissions and Enrollment admissions@unitedseminary.edu